The paper discussed about the types and characteristics of soil erosionin the control area of a reservoir for the first time. It gaves out fourpoints of soil and water conservation in the control area of reservoir inaccordence with the types and characteristics as follows, 1. changing steepslope into gental, lifting up the drop datum in part of the area;2.plantingtrees and grasses to accelerate the speed of covering the area;3.improvingthe farming way to avoid the soil erosion in the three months of July,August and September;4. controlling the soil loss around reservoir. Thebasic data is obtained from field survey and measure on the topographymap in 1/10000.