The newly-eroded area caused by sloving the problem of food and feul shortage in the Huaihe River watershed is about 38.88 million mu, accounting for 44% of total eroded area in the mountain and hill areas in the whole watershed, of which the indiscriminate mountain land reclamation is 3 million mu; cultivated slopping lands, 10 million mu; blank lands and forest and food crop intereropping lands, 4 million mu; and indiscriminate deforestration are 16.8 million mu. As a result, the amount of eroded soil can reach 120 million tons, accounting for 52% of total eroded soil. Based on the analysis of erosion problem, This paper suggests such measures as conservation of the existing forest and vegetation cover and water and soil resources, introduction of energy-saving techniques, selection of fine crop varieties, doing a large-scale work on water and soil conservation, seriously controlling erosion on slopping lands, planting firewood trees, and carrying out comprehensive controlling progfamines with small watersheds as the controlling unit so as to solve the problem of soil erosion caused by the shortage of food and firewood.