The serious effects of sand gold mining on soil fertility were reported in this paper.These effects include,the structure of soil section was broken,gravel and bottom soil were reversed to surface soil,the nutrients of top tilling soil lost serious,the soil fertility and crop fertility and crop yield decreased.With the above results,the authors suggested that the keys of soil fertility conservation in soil reclamation should be to come off soil layer by layer and to place the topsoil alonely in sand gold mining.The heart of the matter is to carry on artificial plough in place the topsoil alonely in sand gold mining.The heart of the matter is to carry is to carry on artificial plough in paddy soil reclamation in the sand gold mine region of south China.