Soil erosion is one of the most serious eco-environment problems, which limits the development of society and economy along the Yellow River of western Shanxi Province. In this region, water erosion land covers 20777km² and it is accounting about 79. 30% of the total land area in the 1990s, while water erosion land covers 17912.54km² and it is about 68. 37% of the total land area in the 1970s. In other words, the increasing rate of soil erosion was 143.23km² per year in recent 20 years. Soil erosion resulted in some negative impact on the society and economy in study region, such as cultivated land area reduction, land productive potentialities declining, water conservancy facilities destroying, ecological environment degradation and so on. Finally, some strategies of ecological construction for preventing water and soil loss are put forward according to the physical condition of this region.