Central Guizhou Province, where the economic development is being promoted, is receiving an influx of rural labor workers. The dependence of the rural population on land is declining. Consequently, some areas that had become rocky and desertified are in a process of recovery. With this background, the author gathered soil samples of surface layers and carried out chemical analyses. The results show: the accumulated quantity of soil organic matter and N is higher, and it is highest in areas without obvious rocky desertification and lowest in areas with moderate desertification evident. Bedrock material slightly influences the variation in total P and K. The amount of rapidly available N and K is high, while the amount of rapidly available P is very low.