Abstrcat The area of soil erosion in Hu'nan Province amounts to 40393 km², covering 19.07% of the total area of Hu'nan Province. It is a comparatively serious area in soil erosion. The soil erosion of Hu'nan Province is analyzed from the geography, weather, human factor etc. The main reasones of soil erosion are that the south is higher than north in the geography characteristics, the rainfall of mountain area is higher in plain in the weather condition, vegetation is broken by the human factor. Therefore, the treatment mode is put forward from the mountain area to the plain, from anabranch to main stream, from zoology collecting rain to irrigation and drainage. Thus achieve the purpose of preventing the soil erosion and improving zoology environment