An assessment index system including 11 indexes for natural vulnerability,artificial vulnerability,and burdening vulnerability is established to appraise water resource vulnerability in Hengyang City of Hu'nan Province.The 5 grade and 100 score method is used to get the quantitative scores of evaluated index and the integrated index method is used to calculate the vulnerability scores.Critical value of each evaluated index is ascertained by consulting index extremum of 8 provinces in South China.The results of assessment demonstrate that the vulnerability of water resources in Hengyang City is in strong vulnerability grade.Drought index during Junly to September,perennial average rainfall,population density,and GDP per capita have the significant contributions to water resource vulnerability in Hengyang City.Therefore,taking some management measures of water resources to debase water resource vulnerability is a good settlement,such as enhancing industrial structure adjustment,raising the utilization rate of water resources,controlling population growth,strengthening hydraulic engineering construction,and improving water resource management policies.