The evolution history of karst rocky desertification (KRD) in Guizhou Province is analyzed from the perspectives of man-land relationship and its contradiction,geological backgrounds,etc. It is concluded that the evolution of the KRD undergoes the long process from quantitative to qualitative changes. The KRD is caused by the increase of population which exceeds the carrying capacity of land resources at a specific period and leads to the imbalance and aggravation of man-land relationship. It is also closely related with the historical changes of production mode and productivity. Meanwhile,those central administrations' strategic orientation for the province also has some impacts on its eco-environment. Therefore,the fundamental ways for rehabilitation of the KRD are to control population size and raise their quality,improve agricultural productivity,and adjust industrial layouts and policies. Moreover,an ecological compensation system may benefit the province greatly.