The purpose of this study was to analyze the land use structure and its change,industry structure,and economic return after the Grain for Green Project,as well as grain supply-demand and input-output in 2007 in Wuqi County,by the investigation of households' product management in the county. Results showed that in the county,land was mostly used for arable land and growing trees and grass. Industry avocation and the subsidies of the Grain for Green Project were the main sources of income. There was a significant difference in industry structure among different rural households. For high level income households,the proportion of industry avocation was 81.8%. For low income level households,the proportion of industry avocation was similar to crop production,but the subsidies of the Grain for Green Project accounted for 46%,showing a certain dependency. The difference in income level was related to the conditions of land and the labor productivity across households. It was found that in the county,grain yield basically met the self-supply need of households and the input was nearly equal to the output,so there was no big problem of grain security. Accordingly,the suggestions are presented that the county should adjust its agricultural structure more efficiently,continue popularizing agricultural techniques,and construct prime cultivated land.