To elucidate soil and water conservation benefits of Phyllostachys nigra, simulated rainfalls were carried out in both Phyllostachys nigra forest and slope farmland, and the average sediment concentration and contents of nitrogen and phosphorus were determined. The resulted show that in Phyllostachys nigra forest, the runoff coefficient was 0. 096, with average sediment concentration of 0.26 ~, average content of nitrogen of 0. 152 rag/L, and average content of phosphorus of 0. 453 mg/L. In contrast, slope farmland had a runoff coefficient of 0. 299, with average sediment concentration of 0.99%, nitrogen content of 0. 198 6 mg/L, and phosphorus content of 0. 530 4 mg/L. The findings implies that Phyllostachys nigra forest ex-hibited clearly better benefits in regard to water and soil conservation than slope farmland.