Seasonal dynamic variations and vertical distribution characteristics of preponderant groups of soil microbes and their correlations with soil enzymatic activities were studied in Betula luminifera forest, Pleioblastus amarus forest and cropland(control). Results indicated that there were six preponderant species of soil microbes: Micrococcus, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Actinoplanes, yeast(the genus was not identified) and Trichoderma. The amounts of dominant groups of soil microbes had difference between two models of forest rehabilitation: the ratio in P. amarus forest was the largest in spring, summer and autumn, and the ratio of B. luminifera forest was the largest in winter. Seasonal variations of dominant groups of soil microbes in two forests and cropland were that amounts of Micrococcus and yeast were higher in summer and winter than spring and autumn; Bacillus was the highest in autumn and the least in summer; Actinoplanes and Trichoderma were less change than other dominant groups with season; Streptomyces was the highest in summer and the least in winter. Vertical distribution characteristics of dominant groups were that amounts of Micrococcus, Actinoplanes, Trichoderma were reduced gradually with soil depth, but Bacillus and Streptomyces were opposite to them; and change of yeast was not significant with soil depths. Rhizosphere effects showed that R/S values of Streptomyces and Trichoderma were more than 1; R/S value of yeast was less than 1; and R/S value of Micrococcus and Actinoplanes was more than 1 in Betula luminifera forest, but opposite in Pleioblastus amarus forest. There were significant positive correlations between Micrococcus and invertase, Bacillus and cellulase, Actinoplanes-Trichoderma and catalase, and yeast and urease.