Based on the American Landsat TM/ETM⁺ remote sensing image data in 1994, 2000, 2006 and 2011, using dimidiate pixel model and CA-Markov model, spatial and temporal change and its trend and influence factors on vegetation coverage in Huoshan County of Anhui Province were analyzed. The results show that vegetation coverage are smaller in northeast area, and larger in the south and northwest area. Vegetation coverage condition has a significant upward trend from 1994 to 2011. High vegetation coverage area increased 339.91 km². Middle-low vegetation coverage, the low vegetation coverage and bare land decreased 116.15, 63.34 and 20.29 km², respectively. Spatial distribution pattern of vegetation coverage in 2020 can be better predicted by using CA-Markov model. Human activity and climate change made the increase of the vegetation coverage in Huoshan County, and the effect of human activity is very obvious. Optimization of industrial structure and controlling of soil and water loss are the focus of ecological environment construction in the study area.