神府东胜煤田弃土弃渣体径流水动力学特性研究
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国家自然科学基金项目"煤矿开发建设中人为侵蚀机理及新增水土流失预报模型:以神府煤田为例"(40771127);水利部公益性行业专项(201201047;201201048)


Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Runoff over Abandoned Slags in Shenfu-Dongsheng Coalfield
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    摘要:

    [目的] 对神府煤田开发建设过程中造成的弃土弃渣体的径流水动力学特性进行研究,并分析土壤剥蚀率与各水动力学参数之间的关系。[方法] 采用野外模拟降雨试验方法。[结果] (1)弃土弃渣体的土壤剥蚀率Dr随雨强增大显著线性递增;(2)雷诺数Re总体上随着雨强增大而增大,随降雨历时先增大后保持稳定;佛罗德数Fr受雨强影响不显著,在产流0~12 min内波动较大,随后在某一常数附近上下波动;阻力系数f随降雨历时呈递增趋势,受雨强影响不显著,次降雨平均阻力系数f大小表现为:沙少石多弃渣体>弃土体>沙多石少弃渣体;(3)各下垫面土壤剥蚀率Dr与水流剪切力、水流功率P之间均呈显著的线性函数关系。[结论] 研究区不同类型下垫面次降雨径流水动力学参数变化各具特点,土壤剥蚀率与各水动力学参数之间存在显著相关关系。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] Hydrodynamic characteristics of runoff over abandoned slags derived from the development and construction of the Shenfu-Dongsheng coal field were studied and the relationships between soil detachment rate and hydrodynamic parameters were analyzed.[Methods] Field simulated rainfall experiment was conducted.[Results] (1) Soil detachment rate(Dr) for the abandoned slags significantly linearly increased with increasing rainfall intensity; (2) Reynolds number(Re) for the abandon slags generally increased as rainfall intensity increased, but its increase with rainfall duration showed an increasing trend at first and then maintained a stable trend. However, rainfall intensity did not affect Froude number(Fr) significantly. The Frfluctuated violently 12 min after runoff generation and then fluctuated around a constant value. The drag coefficient(f) presented an increasing trend with rainfall duration, but the effect of rainfall intensity on the f was not significant. The abandoned slags studied, in order of decreasing average drag coefficient for a single rainfall, were the slag with less sand and more stone, abandoned soil body and slag with more sand and less stone; (3) The averaged soil detachment rate for each of the three underlying surfaces was a significantly linear function of shear force(τ) and stream power(P).[Conclusion] For the different types of underlying surfaces in the studied area, the variations of hydrodynamic parameters of runoff induced by single rainfall have their own characteristics. Soil detachment rate is significantly correlated with the hydrodynamic parameters.

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张孝中,王文龙,李建明.神府东胜煤田弃土弃渣体径流水动力学特性研究[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(2):76-81

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  • 收稿日期:2014-03-19
  • 最后修改日期:2014-04-01
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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-04-05
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