[Objective] The characteristics of soil anti-erodibility of different vegetation types were analyzed in order to provide scientific support for soil and water conservation and restoration of fragile ecosystem in the gorge of the karst plateau.[Methods] Field study was carried out in the karst plateau gorge region with five different vegetation types. Principal component analysis was used to identify the optimum indexes influencing soil anti-erodibility from 11 soil physical and chemical parameters and evaluate of the soil anti-erodibility.[Results] Compared with cultivated land, soil anti-erodibility of other vegetation types significantly enhanced, the content of water-stable macro-aggregate significantly decreased(p ≤ 0.05), soil clay content marginally increased(p>0.05), and percentage of soil dispersion and aggregate disruption significantly decreased(p ≤ 0.05). Results of principal component analysis showed that the content of clay, structural particle index, dispersionrate, agglomeration condition, water-stable macro-aggregate content and agglomerate destruction rate were optimal indicators for evaluating soil anti-erodibility. Based on comprehensive soil anti-erodibility index, the anti-erodibility was strongest for forest land, intercrop between forest and grass, natural grassland, grassland returned form farmland and cultivated land followed inorder.[Conclusion] The soil anti-erodibility was best under the natural recovery of Catalpa bungei forest. Increasing the area of Catalpa bungei forest was suggested to improve soil corrosion resistance, promote regional ecological restoration and enhance soil and water conservation.