[Objective] The mechanism and effects of wind erosion prevention of farmland surface soil under different tillage patterns were compared and analyzed, so as to provide scientific basis for regional socio-economic and ecological environment construction.[Methods] Wind erosion tests were carried out on no-tillage, less tillage, autumn ploughing and subsoiling farmland surface soil in Minqin Oasis, Gansu Province, using indoor wind tunnel and related supporting equipment, wind erosion rate and sand transport rate were calculated, wind erosion movement law was studied, and wind erosion prevention of farmland surface soil was analyzed.[Results] The results showed that the effects of tillage measures on soil wind erosion rate were related to wind speed. When wind speed was small, the effects of different tillage patterns on wind speed were not significant, but when wind speed was greater than 14 m/s, the wind erosion rates of surface soils began to show significant differences in different tillage fields; the effects of less tillage, autumn tillage, deep loosening and other tillage patterns on wind erosion rate and sand transport rate of surface soils were significant. The wind erosion rate and sediment transport rate of farmland surface soil were the lowest under no-tillage tillage, and the higher the wind speed, the greater the gap. Wind speed, tillage and their interaction had a significant impact on the wind erosion rate and sediment transport rate of farmland surface soil.[Conclusion] No-tillage could effectively resist the wind erosion of the surface soil of farmland, greatly reduce the sand transport rate, showing excellent anti-wind erosion effect.