[Objective] The content changes, cause and pollution risk of heavy metals in cultivated land around phosphogypsum yard were studied in order to provide scientific basis for sustainable development of phosphate industry and remidiation of water or soil heavy metal pollution.[Methods] Researches and analyses were carried out by field investigation and sampling of the phosphogypsum yard in Central Guizhou Province.[Results] The the contents of Cd, Hg and As in the drainage of phosphogypsum yard, erosion gully water and shoal water were exceeded the water quality limit of farmland irrigation water quality, especially Cd. In the range of 50~300 m around the phosphogypsum yard, the content of Cd in corn field, vegetable field and paddy soil were respectively exceeded 4.87~9.43 times, 8.83~19.13 times and 3.83~13.42 times of the soil pollution risk screening value of agricultural land. The dry soil around the yard was mainly the pollution risk of Cd, As and Zn, while the paddy soil was mainly the pollution risk of Cd, As, Hg and Zn. The content of Cd in most vegetable soils and paddy soils exceeds the control value of soil pollution risk in agricultural land.[Conclusion] The erosion and leaching of natural rainfall on the phosphogypsum yard was the main reason for the migration of heavy metals. In the direction of surface water flow, the risk of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land gradually decreases with the increase of the distance of the yard. The improvement of irrigation and drainage facilities and the adjustment of planting structure were effective ways to reduce heavy metal pollution in cultivated land around the phosphogypsum yard.