[Objective] The profile distribution of purple soil humus:humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), and humin (HM), and soil nutrients:total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), total nitrogen (TN), and available nitrogen (AN), under six different vegetation types in Longchuanjiang River basin were studied to provide a scientific basis for the maintenance of soil fertility.[Methods] Soil samples were collected from different soil horizons (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm) at each sampling point using the zigzag method. Then, soil samples of each layer were evenly mixed and the removal of redundant samples was performed by quartering three times and the corresponding indicators were determined.[Results] The content of TP, AP, TN, AN, humus carbon, HM carbon, HA carbon, and FA carbon decreased with soil depth under the six vegetation types. The litter layer content was significantly higher than that of the other layers (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm). There was no significant difference in soils among the different vegetation types. The humus and its composition in the orchard soil were significantly higher than that in the Eucalyptus forest, which was characterized by orchard > deciduous broad-leaved forest > warm temperate coniferous forest > coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest > shrub > Eucalyptus forest. Correlation analysis showed that the humus components had very significant positive correlations with soil organic matter, TP, AP, TN, and AN.[Conclusion] Soil humus and its components in orchards and deciduous broad-leaved forests are significantly higher than those in other vegetation types, and there is a significant positive correlation between humus and soil physical and chemical properties.