渭北旱塬降水规律及其高效利用的技术选择
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“九五”国家旱农攻关项目(96-004-04-07)


Precipitation Regularity and Its High-efficiency Utilization Techniques on Weibei Highland
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    摘要:

    分析了以合阳县为代表的渭北旱塬降水规律,结果表明,渭北旱塬年降水分布符合正态分布,年降水量达到450 mm的概率为80%;年降水量时序分布存在8~10a的小周期和20a左右的大周期;月降水量分布符合方程 Y=0.0291x5-0.8737x4+8.9185 x3-37.277x2+72.661x-40.575,R2=0.9354。5-10月为 1a中的降水主要阶段,7月份为月降水量分布的高峰期且月降水量变异系数最小。依据上述研究结果提出4条降水高效利用的综合性可选择技术:(1)以平整土地,培肥地力为主体的农田基本建设和土壤培肥技术;(2)以残茬全程覆盖加少耕为主体的蓄、保水和微集水技术;(3)以微灌、滴灌为主体的果园节水灌溉加生草制或秸秆覆盖技术;(4)以集水种植和栽植为主体的荒山荒坡综合治理技术。

    Abstract:

    The precipitation regularity on Weibei highland is analyzed, and the results are as follows.(1) The annual precipitation was statist ically in accordance with normal distribution with a probability of 80% in ≥450mm precipitation and eight-year-cycle and twenty-year-cycle in time.(2) The distribution of monthly precipitation follows the equation: Y=0.0291 x 5The precipitation regularity on Weibei highland is analyzed, and the results are as follows.(1) The annual precipitation was statistically in accordance with normal distribution with a probability of 80% in ≥450mm precipitation and eight-year-cycle and twenty-year-cycle in time.(2) The dist ribution of monthly precipitation follows the equation: Y=0.0291 x 5-0. 8737 x 4+8. 9185 x 3-37. 277 x 2+72. 661 x-40. 575, R2=0. 9354.(3) The rainfall events often occurred during May to October a year, the highest rainfall was in July with alow variation. On the basis of the results, four techniques for improving rainfall utilization efficiency are put forward,firstly, basic building of farmland and soil fertiliza ion, secondly, preservation water with less tillage and mulch,thirdly, drop irrigation and micro-irrigation with mulch, fourthly, integrated controls of desolate mountains with rain collect ion planting.-0.8737 x4+8. 9185 x 3-37. 277 x 2+72. 661 x-40. 575, R2=0. 9354.(3) The rainfall events often occurred during May to October a year, the highest rainfall was in July with a low variation. On the basis of the results, four techniques for improving rainfall utilization efficiency are put forward,firstly,basic building of farmland and soil fertilization, secondly, preservation water with less tillage and mulch,thirdly, drop irrigation and micro-irrigation with mulch, fourthly, integrated controls of desolate mountains with rain collection planting.

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张静.渭北旱塬降水规律及其高效利用的技术选择[J].水土保持通报,2000,(2):28-31

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  • 收稿日期:1999-12-06
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-11-28
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