Agricultural sustainable development is a very important strategic task in the development of arid and sem-i arid region in Northwest China. The successful practice of the deserticultural theory has proved thoroughly that it is prospective,realizable,and is especially meaningful in the agricultural sustainable development of arid and sem-i arid region. The deserticultural comprehensive benefit and achievement in the agricultural development of arid and sem-i arid region are analysed based on deserticultural theory and sample of deserticultural construction in north and central of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Deserticulture is a sustainable agriculture and eco-agriculture in arid and sem-i arid region of Northwest China.