太行山花岗片麻岩区坡面产流的影响因素分析
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国家自然科学基金项目“滹沱河流域人工影响下的土地利用变化对径流减少的影响”(40871022); 国际科技合作项目(2009DFA21690)


Factors Influencing Surface Runoff in the Granitic Gneiss of Taihang Mountains
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    摘要:

    通过自制的截流铲截取坡面径流,对太行山花岗片麻岩区产流过程的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:(1)雨强是启动产流的关键因素,当降雨强度大于特定值时才能产生地表径流,且随着坡度降低,地表产流所需雨强增大。当雨强达到产流后,径流量和降雨量成显著正相关,与雨强的相关性不显著。(2)地表径流量不随着集水面积的增加而增加,坡面强烈的入渗能力,使得上方来水在产流过程中渗入土壤。坡度是影响地表径流的又一关键因素,随着坡度的增加,地表径流量明显的增加。由于不同坡向土壤质地不同,使得阳坡地表径流量要明显多于阴坡,平均径流系数也比阴坡高。总体上,研究坡面径流系数均较小,以2m坡长为对象,最大径流系数仅为7.3%,说明坡面入渗能力很强,产流过程以入渗为主。

    Abstract:

    By using a self-designed lysimeter to measure surface runoff on a slope in Taihang Mountains,we analyze the impacts of the factors influencing runoff in the Granitic Gneiss Region (GGR) of the mountainous area. The analysis shows that (1) rainfall intensity is a key factor for initiating runoff. Surface runoff occurs when rainfall intensity is above a critical value. The gentler the slope,the higher is the critical value of rainfall intensity needed to initiate runoff. When rainfall intensity reaches a critical value,runoff becomes positively correlated with rainfall significantly. However,the correlation between runoff and rainfall intensity is insignificant. (2) Runoff does not increase with the increase in the catchment area. A strong slope infiltration capacity enhances convergent runoff infiltration into soil. Surface slope is also a key factor influencing the process of runoff in the GGR area. With increased slope,surface runoff increases significantly. Since different slope aspects have different soil textures,runoff on sun-ward slope is higher than that on shade-ward slope. The averaged runoff coefficient for sun-ward slope is higher than that for shade-ward slope as well. Generally,however,runoff coefficient is low in the study area. For instance,it has the maximum of 7.3% for a 2 meter-length slope. An important finding from the study is that there exists a very strong infiltration capacity on the GGR slope in the study area. This has a significant implication for understanding the mechanisms of surface runoff,infiltration,and groundwater recharge in the region.

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肖登攀,杨永辉,韩淑敏,樊彤,马林,王明磊.太行山花岗片麻岩区坡面产流的影响因素分析[J].水土保持通报,2010,(2):114-118

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  • 收稿日期:2009-08-02
  • 最后修改日期:2009-11-22
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-11-26
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