Based on the investigation of soil and water conservation monitoring in the development and construction projects of Shaanxi Province,the main monitoring contents are analyzed such as factors,status,and hazards of soil and water loss,as well as soil and water conservation measures and the control effects.Accordingly,a monitoring index system of soil and water conservation and its specific monitoring indexes are presented.The monitoring index system is composed of 4 forms,i.e.,monitoring indexes of dynamic change in soil and water loss,monitoring indexes of hazards by soil and water loss,monitoring indexes of soil and water conservation measures,and monitoring indexes of soil and water conservation benefits.The study may provide a technical support to the scientific and orderly works on soil and water conservation monitoring in the development and construction projects of Shaanxi Province.