Change of hydrological processes and its influence mechanisms are complex. On one hand, climate change and human activities affect hydrology and water resources ; and on the other hand, hydrology and water resources show responses to the impact. The duality and uncertainty make the research on the issue more complex and developed very slowly. Domestic research in this field is still at an early stage. This paper summarizes the latest research progress of hydrology and water resources effects caused by climate change and human activities at home and abroad, points out the weak links of the research in this field, and looks forward to the main research direction in future. It is found that the existing researches were mainly focused on a single factor of climate change or human activities impacting hydrology and water resources. However, there were few researches combining these two factors and making aquantitative distinction. In future, quantitative research should be enhanced and the importance of each factor should be separately identified, which are of importance to strength the research in the field.