半湿润半干旱过渡区洮河流域植被盖度变化特征
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国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目“黄河中游河川径流锐减驱动力及人为调控效应研究”(2012BAB02B00);黄河水利委员会科技项目;贵州省教育厅教改项目


Vegetation Coverage Variation Features River in Semi-humid and Semi-dry Transitional Region of Taohe River Basin
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    摘要:

    [目的] 通过对半湿润半干旱过渡区洮河流域较高空间分辨率植被盖度变化分析,为新一轮退耕还林还草政策落实,流域生态文明建设和可持续发展决策等提供参考。[方法] 以1993年Landsat 5 TM,2001年Landsat 7 ETM+,2015年Landsat 8 OLI和ASTER GDEM为数据源,先用像元二分模型反演植被盖度,再用流域分区、高程、坡度及坡向分级所得基础单元,统计分析各单元内的植被盖度均值和植被盖度变化面积比例。[结果] 1993-2015年洮河流域植被盖度均值增加了17.52%,正向变化面积比占62.24%,负向变化面积仍占有6.41%;3期数据均表明,高程2 500 m以下植被盖度最低,高程4 000 m以上无明显变化与负向变化面积比例之和最大;坡度0°~5°,10°~15°之间植被盖度均值最低但增幅最大,无明显变化和负向变化面积比例之和随坡度增加而增加,并在60°以上达到最大;坡向对植被盖度分布的限制作用逐渐减弱。[结论] 洮河流域植被地形分异特征明显,植被盖度总体呈现增加趋势,但还存在一定的负向变化;未来应重视高程2 500 m以下,坡度20°以下,坡向为平地、西坡、南坡的植被恢复;加强4 000 m以上,坡度45°以上和东坡、东北坡现有植被生态保护。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] The objective of this paper was to analyze the variation of vegetation coveragein in semi-humid and semi-dry transitional region of Taohe River basin through high resolution RS image in order to provide a reference for the implementation of new way of returning farmland to forest and grassland, and for decision making of the basin's ecological civilization construction and sustainable development.[Methods] Landsat 5TM in 1993, Landsat 7ETM+ in 2000, Landsat 8 OLI in 2015 and ASTER GDEM data sets were used in this paper. Firstly, Dimidiate Pixel Model was used to invert vegetation coverage. Then base units extracted from the basin partition, elevation, slope and aspect were used to count and analyze the mean and variation area ratio of vegetation coverage.[Results] On a whole level, vegetation coverage mean increased by 17.52% in Taohe River basin from 1993 to 2015. Increased area covered 62.24% and the decreased covered 6.41%. The date sets showed that the lowest vegetation coverage was below the altitude of 2 000 m. The sum area ratio of decrease and no significant change run up to the maximum as the altitude is above 4 000 m. Vegetation coverage reached the lowest but increased fast in the slopes between 0°~5° and 10°~15°. The sum area ratio of decrease and no significant change grew with the increase of slope, and reached its highest as it was above 60° (covered 67.48%). Effect of slope exposure to the the distribution of the vegetation coverage was weaken.[Conclusion] The results showed that the basin's general trend of vegetation coverage was increasing, but there were still decrease in some areas and had significant variation features. In the future we should pay great attention to vegetation restoration in the areas as the elevation is below 2 500 m, slope grade is below 20° and the slope aspect is western, southern or at level ground. Existing vegetation should be well protected in the elevation above 4 000 m, and when slope is above 45° and slope aspect is eastern and northeast.

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许幼霞,周旭,赵娟,周秋文,韦小茶.半湿润半干旱过渡区洮河流域植被盖度变化特征[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(6):308-314

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  • 收稿日期:2016-01-14
  • 最后修改日期:2016-03-17
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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-01-13
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