基于SEBAL模型的农牧交错区蒸散演变及生态需水规律
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TP79

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国家自然科学基金项目"荒漠草原多时空尺度蒸散演变特征及驱动机制研究:以宁夏盐池县为例"(41661003);中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养引进计划项目(XAB2017AW01);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(生态学)项目(NXYLXK2017B06)


Evapotranspiration Evolution and Ecological Water Requirement Law in Agro-pastoral Ecotone Based on SEBAL Model
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    摘要:

    [目的]对典型农牧交错区的蒸散格局、演变特征及其生态系统需水规律进行研究,为区域生态治理和水资源管理提供科学依据。[方法]以宁夏回族自治区盐池县为例,选择2000-2017年的4期Landsat遥感数据和气象资料等辅助数据,利用SEBAL模型反演该县不同时期秋季初的日蒸散,结合同期土地利用类型数据进行分析研究。[结果]①秋季初的日蒸散量由2000年的0.89 mm/d增加到了2017年的1.71 mm/d,增幅为92.1%,增强趋势显著。②日蒸散具有较强的空间异质性,总体呈南高北低的格局,尤以东南部的黄土丘陵区蒸散最高;近17 a蒸散的年增幅也表现出南高北低的特征,但不同时段的年增幅空间格局存在较大差异。③不同地类的蒸散存在差异,耕地、林地和草地的平均蒸散量分别为1.42,1.33,1.27 mm/d,但蒸散量年增幅最大的是草地。④近17 a盐池县生态需水总量和各地类的生态需水量都在增加,各地类生态需水量由高到低依次是草地、耕地和林地,但单位生态需水量最高的是耕地,最小的是草地;近17 a耕地和林地的生态需水量占总生态需水量的比例在下降,而草地生态需水量的比例则呈上升趋势。[结论]在盐池县大力实行生态治理工程的背景下,区域蒸散显著增强,植被生态系统的需水量明显增加,不同地类的蒸散和需水结构也发生变化。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] The evapotranspiration pattern, evolvement characteristics and water demand laws of ecosystem in typical agro-pastoral areas were studied to provide scientific basis for regional ecological management and water resources management.[Methods] Yanchi County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was taken as an example, four-phase of Landsat remote sensing data and meteorological data from 2000 to 2017 were selected, and the daily evapotranspiration in different periods of the county was retrieved by using the SEBAL model, and the land use type data was analyzed and studied in the same period.[Results] ① The daily evapotranspiration at the beginning of the fall increased from 0.89 mm/d in 2000 to 1.71 mm/d in 2017, with an increase of 92.1%, designating that it had an increasing trend. ② There was a strong spatial heterogeneity in the daily evapotranspiration, and it was generally high in the south and low in the north, especially in the southeast loess hilly region, it was the highest. The annual growth rate of the past 17 years' evapotranspiration showed a characteristic of high in the south and low in the north, but there were large differences in the spatial pattern of annual increase in different periods. ③ There were differences in the evapotranspiration of different types of land. The average evapotranspirations of arable land, woodland and grassland were 1.42, 1.33, and 1.27 mm/d, respectively, but the largest annual increase in evapotranspiration was grassland. ④ The total amount of ecological water demand in Yanchi County and the amount of ecological water demand in various areas were increasing. The order of ecological water demand from high to low is grassland, arable land and woodland. However, the per unit ecological water requirement was the highest for arable land, and the smallest was of grassland. The shares of ecological water requirements of arable land and forest land in the total ecological water needs in the past 17 years was declining, while the proportion of grassland ecological water needs was on the rise.[Conclusion] Under the background of the intensive ecological management project in Yanchi County, the regional evapotranspiration increased significantly, the water demand of vegetation ecosystem increased obviously, and the evapotranspiration and water demand structure of different areas also changed.

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马龙龙,杜灵通,宫菲,丹杨,王乐,郑琪琪,孟晨.基于SEBAL模型的农牧交错区蒸散演变及生态需水规律[J].水土保持通报,2019,39(4):177-183

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  • 收稿日期:2019-02-27
  • 最后修改日期:2019-03-26
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-09-12
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