基于景观结构的黄河沿岸土地利用生态风险时空变化分析——以河南省为例
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F301.2

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国家自然科学基金青年项目“生态系统服务供需耦合关系研究”(41901259);河南省软科学项目(172400410479)


Spatial and Temporal Change of Land Use Ecological Risk Along Yellow River Based on Landscape Structure—A Case Study in He'nan Province
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    摘要:

    [目的] 探究黄河流域沿岸城市土地利用生态风险时空变化特征,为土地景观资源保护、生态系统优化与生态环境保护、管控措施制定等提供理论依据。[方法] 以河南省黄河沿岸7个城市为研究区,在GIS与Fragstats软件技术支持下,基于2005,2010,2015以及2018年4期土地利用数据,将研究区划分为1 737个6 km×6 km的生态评价单元,根据景观扰动指数与景观脆弱指数构建生态风险评价模型,借助土地转移矩阵与空间自相关分析方法,对研究区内土地利用变化、生态风险时空变化特征及空间关联格局进行评价。[结果] ①2005—2018年,研究区域内建设用地面积增加,且增长趋势较快;其他几类用地面积均有不同程度的减少;耕地是建设用地增加的主要来源,林地、草地和水域主要转化为耕地。②在研究时段内,研究区域土地利用生态风险在空间上呈现出显著的正相关性,存在空间集聚特征,且“高—高”、“低—低”是生态风险主要的空间聚集模式。③2005—2018年,生态风险最小值和最大值大致呈N形变化;4个时期内高风险区分布区域大致相同,呈条状和块状分布,条状高风险区大多分布在黄河沿岸,块状高风险区大多分布在农村居民点零散分布的平原区;低和较低风险区大多分布在研究区域四周以及西南大部分区域。[结论] 研究时段内,低风险区和中等风险区面积在逐年增加,较低风险区面积先减少后增加,高风险区和较高风险区面积在逐年减少。各风险区主要向相邻风险区转化,仅有少量地区出现跨区转移,说明研究区土地利用生态风险变化相对稳定,生态风险急剧变化的区域较小。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] The spatial and temporal change of land use ecological risk along Yellow River was studied in order to provide theoretical basis for the protection of landscape resource, ecosystem optimization and the establishment of ecological environment protection and control measures.[Methods] Seven cities along the Yellow River in He'nan Province were taken as the research area. With the technical support of GIS and Fragstats software, based on the land use data in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2018, the research areas were divided into 1 737 ecological evaluation units with area of 6 km×6 km. According to the ecological risk assessment model constructed by the landscape disturbance index and the landscape vulnerability index, the land use change, temporal and spatial changes of ecological risk and spatial correlation pattern in the study area were evaluated by land transfer matrix and spatial autocorrelation analysis method.[Results] ① From 2005 to 2018, the area of construction land within the study area increased rapidly, whilel other types of land area decreased in varying degrees. The increase of construction land was mainly from cultivated land, and woodland, grassland and waters were mainly converted into cultivated land. ② During the research period, the ecological risk of land use in the study area showed a significant positive correlation in space, with characteristics of spatial agglomeration. "High-high" and "low-low" were the main spatial agglomeration patterns of ecological risk. ③ From 2005 to 2018, the minimum and maximum values of ecological risk varied in "N" type roughly. The distribution areas of the high-risk areas were roughly the same over the four periods, with strip and block distributions. The strip high-risk areas were mainly distributed along the Yellow River, while the block high-risk areas were mainly distributed in plain areas with scattered rural settlements. Low and relative low risk areas were mostly distributed around the study area and the southwest area.[Conclusion] During the research period, the areas of low risk and medium risk area increased year by year. Relative low risk areas decreased firstly and then increased. While high risk area and relative high risk area decreased year by year. Each risk area was mainly transformed into adjacent risk area, only a small number of areas had cross-regional transfer, indicating that the ecological risk change of land use within the study area was relatively stable, and the area with rapid change was small.

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张锋,陈伟强,马月红,耿艺伟.基于景观结构的黄河沿岸土地利用生态风险时空变化分析——以河南省为例[J].水土保持通报,2021,41(2):250-257

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  • 收稿日期:2020-09-02
  • 最后修改日期:2020-12-22
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-05-21
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