裸露砒砂岩区人工林地侵蚀特征及其侵蚀量模拟研究
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S157.1,S715.3

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内蒙古自治区自然科学基金重大项目“黄河流域砒砂岩区重力侵蚀机理研究”(2021ZD07);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0075);国家自然科学基金项目(41967008);内蒙古自治区科技兴蒙行动重点专项(KJXM-EEDS-2020005);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0052)


Erosion Characteristics and Its Simulation of Erosion Amount for an Artificial Forest in an Exposed Feldspathic Sandstone Area
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    摘要:

    [目的] 研究裸露砒砂区天然降雨条件下不同类型人工林地的侵蚀特征,为裸露砒砂区植被建设和减轻泥沙入黄提供科学指导。[方法] 以裸露砒砂岩区广泛栽植的油松人工林、山杏人工林、沙棘人工林和柠条人工林以及草地和裸地为研究对象,采用径流小区监测的手段,对各类型样地的年内天然降雨以及土壤侵蚀量进行监测。[结果] ①依据研究的年内降雨数据,裸露砒砂岩区长历时的暴雨和中到大雨的情况下,瞬时雨量呈现双峰趋势,累积降雨量呈梯式增长规律;短历时的暴雨和小到中雨的瞬时雨量呈单峰趋势,累积降雨量分别呈S形和线性增长趋势; ②裸露基岩坡面侵蚀较为严重,总产流量达28.48 L,总土壤侵蚀量达31.85 t/(hm2·a),有植被的坡面总产流量在9.8~18.41 L之间,总土壤侵蚀量在1.67~10.14 t/(hm2·a)之间。各类型人工林地的产流量随着降雨类型的变化并无统一规律;但土壤侵蚀量均呈现:裸地>草地>柠条林>山杏林>油松林>沙棘林的规律。油松林和沙棘林地的产流量和土壤侵蚀量均呈极显著相关关系,相关系数分别0.929,0.893;各类型样地的平均雨强和I30均与土壤侵蚀量呈显著相关关系,相关系数高于0.595。③各类型人工林地降雨量分别与径流量、土壤侵蚀量呈多元线性(R2>0.771)的关系。降雨产流模型的Nse值高于0.62,除柠条人工林外降雨产沙模型的Nse值高于0.57,表明模型精度相对较高。[结论] 在裸露砒砂岩区侵蚀性降雨条件下,人工林地降雨、产流与产沙均存在一定的函数关系且人工林地的侵蚀量小于裸露坡面的侵蚀量。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] The rainfall characteristics and water and sediment control ability of different types of artificial forestland in an exposed feldspathic sandstone area were determined in order to provide guidance for vegetation construction in the study area and for sediment reduction into the Yellow River.[Methods] The annual natural rainfall and soil erosion of plots on Pinus tabulaeformis, Apricot, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Caragana korshinskii plantations, and on grassland and bare land were monitored by means of runoff plot monitoring.[Results] ① Under the condition of long duration heavy rain and moderate to heavy rain in an exposed feldspathic sandstone area, instantaneous rainfall presented a double peak trend, and cumulative rainfall increased in a ladder pattern. The short duration rainstorm and the instantaneous rainfall of a light to moderate rain showed a single peak trend, and the cumulative rainfall showed an S shape and a linear increasing trend, respectively. ② The erosion of exposed bedrock slopes was serious, with a total runoff of 28.48 L and a total soil erosion of 31.85 t/(hm2·a). The total runoff of vegetation slopes was between 9.8 and 18.41 L, and the total soil erosion was between 1.67 and 10.14 t/(hm2·g). There was no uniform rule for the yield and discharge for different types of artificial forestland with change in rainfall type. However, the amount of soil erosion followed the order of bare land > grassland > Caragana korshinskii > Apricot > Pinus tabulaeformis slightly > Hippophae rhamnoides forests. The yield and discharge of Pinus tabulaeformis forest and Hippophae rhamnoides forest were significantly correlated with soil erosion, with correlation coefficients of 0.929 and 0.893, respectively. The mean rainfall intensity and I30 were significantly correlated with soil erosion, and the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.595. ③ The relationship between rainfall and erosion of different types of artificial forestland conformed to a multiple linear equation (R2>0.771). The Nse of the rainfall and runoff model was greater than 0.62. The Nse of the rainfall and sediment production model was greater higher than 0.57, except for the Caragana korshinskii plantation. It showed that the model accuracy was relatively high.[Conclusion] Under erosive rainfall conditions in a bare feldspathic sandstone area there is a certain functional relationship between rainfall, runoff, and sand production in forest plantation land, and the erosion on forest plantation land is smaller than on bare slope.

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秦富仓,董晓宇,杨振奇.裸露砒砂岩区人工林地侵蚀特征及其侵蚀量模拟研究[J].水土保持通报,2022,42(4):9-17,41

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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-24
  • 最后修改日期:2022-03-03
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-09-23
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