【Objective】To explore the interaction between highway slope vegetation and soil environment and the slope recovery characteristics, and to reveal the mutual feedback mechanism between vegetation and soil. 【Method】Four typical plant community sample plots labeled A, B, C, and D were set up on Zhengyao Expressway by field survey and sampling methods. Species survey and soil physical and chemical properties were measured,evaluate the quality of slope vegetation restoration. Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis were used to analyze the correlation between species diversity index and soil environmental factors. 【Result】 There were 16 dominant species in 11 families, 16 genera, and 16 species in the sample plots. The shrub layer was dominated by Amorpha fruticosa, Vitex negundo, and Broussonetia papyrifera, and the herb layer was dominated by Artemisia argyi, Setaria vicifolia, and Eupatorium sempervirens. The order of species diversity from high to low in the four plots was B > D > C > A, and the order of soil nutrient levels from high to low was C > D > A > B; species diversity was correlated with soil factors to varying degrees, and was more correlated with total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline nitrogen and pH; the results of redundancy analysis showed that total potassium were significantly positively correlated with species diversity, with an explanation rate of 15.2%, respectively, and contribution rate of 16%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Species diversity was correlated with soil environmental factors in the 0-20 cm soil layer to varying degrees, and species richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Simpson dominance index were significantly positively correlated with each other, while the three were not significantly correlated with Pielou evenness index. Soil environmental factors were the key drivers of plant community differentiation on the slopes.