[Objective]This study aimed to clarify the spatial-temporal pattern evolution law of the carbon emissions from energy consumption in the development and utilization of agricultural water and land resources in central China,reveal the main driving factors, and provide theoretical and data reference for promoting the low-carbon green transformation and development of agriculture in central China and achieving the " double carbon" goal.[Methods]Based on the social and economic data of six provinces in central China from 2010 to 2022, the carbon emissions from energy consumption in the utilization of agricultural water and land resources were investigated.The IPCC carbon emission coefficient method was used to measure the agricultural carbon emissions in central China from 2010 to 2022. With the help of Kaya identity and LMDI addition form of complete decomposition method, the driving factors and contribution values of agricultural carbon emissions were discussed. ArcGIS visualization was used to deeply analyze the evolution trend of agricultural carbon emissions in central China in the spatial and temporal dimensions, and the relationship between matching degree of water and land resources and agricultural carbon emissions was explored.[Results]?During the study period from 2010 to 2022, the total amount of agricultural carbon emissions in the central China showed a trend of rapid rise and then fluctuating downward. The growth rate of agricultural carbon emissions has experienced a gradual decline in the evolution process.?Agricultural carbon emission intensity is the most important factor to promote agricultural carbon emission reduction in central China, and the economic output of agricultural water resources is the first major factor leading to the growth of agricultural carbon emissions.The contribution of economic output factors of agricultural water resources and agricultural water consumption per unit sown area to agricultural carbon emissions in central China varies in both positive and negative directions.?Improving the matching degree of agricultural water and land resources can help to curb agricultural carbon emissions, but the impact on agricultural carbon emissions in different provinces is different.[Conclusion]In the future,we should pay attention to the spatial-temporal matching of water and land resources and their eco-environmental effects,adopt differentiated farming modes according to local conditions,optimize the allocation and improve the development and utilization of agricultural water and land resources, and promote the low-carbon transformation of agriculture.