[Objective] The habitat quality in the aerial seeding forest area of Alxa Left Banner is relatively fragile. Studying the changes in ecological quality and their driving factors is of great significance for optimizing the ecological space pattern and protecting the ecological environment of the local aerial seeding forest area. [Methods] Based on the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI), this study analyzed the evolution trend of ecological quality in the aerial seeding forest area of Alxa Left Banner from 2001 to 2024 by using methods such as Theil-Sen slope estimation, Hurst index and Mann-Kendall test, and quantified the driving factors with the help of geographic detectors. [Result] (1) From the perspective of time scale, the ecological quality in the study area was at a low level and showed a fluctuating downward trend. The average RSEI decreased from 0.0547 to 0.0412, with an overall decrease of 24.68%. From the perspective of spatial scale, poor ecological quality is mainly distributed in the southern region, while superior ecological quality is found in the peripheral areas. (2) The ecological quality in the study area is in a deteriorating state. The improvement area and the deterioration area account for 11.28% and 88.72% respectively. The improvement area presents a patch structure, while the deterioration area is mainly characterized by significant deterioration and is distributed over a large area. In the future, the ecological quality in the study area will mainly show strong continuous degradation and weak continuous improvement. (3) The detection and testing results indicate that The explanatory power of land use type is the greatest, with a single-factor detection q value of 0.4457, and the interactive detection q value with elevation is the largest, which is 0.5590. This indicates that the fluctuation of ecological quality in this area is closely related to the land use pattern. [Conclusion] The habitat quality of the aerial seeding forest in Alxa Left Banner is poor, and land use and elevation have the greatest impact on it.