[Objective] The Pearl River Basin is an important ecological barrier and economic core area in southern China. In recent years, in the process of rapid urbanization and industrialization, human disturbance activities have increased significantly, leading to the increasingly prominent problem of soil and water loss. The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the spatial distribution pattern, dynamic changes and the characteristics of soil and water loss caused by man-made disturbance in the Pearl River Basin from 2019 to 2024, evaluate the effectiveness of soil and water conservation regulation, and provide a scientific basis for the ecological management and high-quality development of the basin. [method] Based on the domestic high-resolution satellite images with 2-meter resolution from 2019 to 2024 and the field survey, combined with GIS spatial analysis, slope extraction, landscape pattern index calculation and semi quantitative rules, the activity signs, coverage status, soil and water conservation measures and project types of artificially disturbed plots were systematically interpreted, and the erosion intensity and spatial pattern were quantitatively evaluated. [results] ① in 2024, the area of human disturbance in the Pearl River Basin was 5554.16km 2, of which the loss area was 3388.75km 2, accounting for 61.01% of the area of human disturbance; ② The spatial distribution is "upstream downstream dual core agglomeration", with Guangdong and Guangxi provinces accounting for 75.03%; ③ The degree of fragmentation continues to increase, and the density (PD) of the downstream plots reaches 82.75/km 2, and the average (MPS) of the plots is 0.0121 km 2; ④ The regulatory effect is remarkable. The area of human disturbance has increased in six years, but the proportion of loss has decreased from 91.05% in 2019 to 61.01%, and the proportion of strong erosion has decreased by 9.45%. [Conclusion] The regulation of human disturbance in the Pearl River Basin has achieved remarkable results in controlling soil erosion, but the number of disturbed plots continues to grow and the degree of fragmentation is increasing, which increases the difficulty of governance and regulation. Therefore, this paper puts forward some countermeasures, such as implementing classified and accurate management and control, strengthening high-frequency remote sensing monitoring and technical means, and promoting multi sectoral collaborative governance, in order to improve the prevention and control ability of soil and water loss in the basin, and support the realization of regional ecological security and high-quality development goals.