[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the effects of multiple environmental materials on improving soil physicochemical properties in newly built terraces in the Longdong Loess Region (eastern Gansu Province), and to identify optimal strategies for rapid soil fertility enhancement and productivity improvement in this area.[Methods] Field experiments were conducted from 2022 to 2023 on newly built terraces in Jingning County, Gansu Province. Ten treatments were designed, including individual and combined applications of five environmental materials (water-retaining agent, microbial inoculant, humic acid, iron sulfate, and green manure), along with a control (CK) and a chemical fertilizer-only treatment. A randomized block design was used. Soil physical properties (bulk density, porosity, aggregate stability, water-holding capacity) and chemical properties (organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrients) were measured. Crop yield was determined using quadrat sampling. [Results] The application of environmental materials significantly improved soil structure, with combined treatments exhibiting the most pronounced effects. The ACF treatment (microbial inoculant+humic acid+chemical fertilizer) increased total soil porosity by 19.89%, reduced bulk density by 6.16%, and significantly enhanced aggregate stability compared to CK. Regarding chemical properties, all environmental material treatments significantly increased soil nutrient content. The ABF treatment (microbial inoculant + water-retaining agent + chemical fertilizer) resulted in the highest organic matter content (5.72 g·kg-1, a 64.59% increase over CK). The ACF treatment resulted in the highest nitrate nitrogen (26.18 mg·kg-1) and available phosphorus (14.77 mg·kg-1) levels, representing increases of 71.34% and 76.25% over CK, respectively. The BCF treatment (water-retaining agent+humic acid + chemical fertilizer) produced the highest sweet sorghum yield of 11,963 kg·ha-1, which was a 70.53% increase over CK.[Conclusion] Multiple environmental materials facilitate the rapid maturation of newly built terraced fields through synergistic "physical-chemical-biological" interactions. The combined application of microbial inoculants and humic acid (ACF) was most effective in improving soil physicochemical properties, while the combination of water-retaining agents and humic acid (BCF) performed best in terms of yield increase. Considering both soil improvement and yield enhancement effects, the microbial inoculant-humic acid-chemical fertilizer combination (ACF) shows significant advantages for rapid and comprehensive soil fertility enhancement. It is, therefore, recommended as the preferred rapid fertility-building technology model for newly built terraces in the Longdong Loess Region, providing effective technical support for regional agricultural sustainability and green development.