Abstract: [Objective] As a vital ecological security barrier in China's arid western regions, the Hexi Corridor holds significant importance for understanding arid ecosystem challenges and balancing regional ecological conservation with sustainable development. Investigating the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and driving mechanisms of its ecosystem service values is therefore crucial. [Methods] Based on land use data from 2000 to 2023, regional grain production, and price data, this study systematically analysed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ecosystem service values in the region after refining the ecosystem service value coefficient table for the Hexi Corridor. Geodetector and geographically weighted regression models were further employed to analyse the influence of various factors on regional ecosystem service values. [Results] ① During the study period, land use types were predominantly unutilised land and grassland, with particularly significant increases in the areas of construction land and water bodies. ② The total value of ecosystem services in the region fluctuated with an overall upward trend. Among these, the value of aquatic ecosystem services showed the most pronounced increase, with regulating and supporting services dominating. The spatial distribution pattern of ecosystem service values exhibited a ‘higher in the south than in the north, higher in the east than in the west’ configuration. ③ Geodetector results indicated that socio-economic factors provided the strongest explanatory power, followed by natural factors. Geographically weighted regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between the composite land use index and ecosystem service value. Annual precipitation showed a predominantly positive correlation with ecosystem service value, though locally negative correlations occurred. Total population exhibited a predominantly negative correlation with ecosystem service value, with locally positive correlations observed. NDVI and elevation demonstrated an overall shift from positive correlations in the southeast to negative correlations in the northwest. [Conclusion] Significant spatial variations in ecosystem service values exist across the three major ecological functional zones of the Hexi Corridor: mountainous, oasis, and desert regions. Moving forward, the southern Qilian Mountains should prioritise enhancing water conservation and ecological barrier functions; the central oasis zone should focus on balancing human activities with ecological land use; while the northern desert zone should give priority to promoting natural restoration to safeguard regional ecological security and sustainable development.