[Objective] The relationship between the carbon balance capacity of black soil areas and urbanization were analyzed in order to provide a empirical evidence for promoting the rational land use， enhancing carbon sequestration， reducing black soil areas， and achieving sustainable development and management of regional land. [Methods] Panel data from 22 prefecture-level cities covering black soil from 2007 to 2022 were analyzed using the Granger causality tests， land-use carbon emission intensity measurement models， and kernel density estimation methods. [Results] ① Regarding the spatial distribution of black land carbon emissions， a trend of higher emissions on ‘both sides and lower in the middle’ was observed， with a northward increase over time. ② The impact of urbanization level on carbon balance capacity can be categorized into four types： growth， feedback， protection， and neutrality. ③ In cities with better economic growth， there was a causal relationship between the black soil areas carbon balance capacity and population urbanization， economic urbanization， and ecological urbanization. In industrialized cities， a causal link exists between black soil areas carbon balance capacity and spatial urbanization， whereas in other cities， causal relationships exist between black soil areas carbon balance capacity and comprehensive urbanization indicators. [Conclusion] Based on these insights， it is recommended that the spatial pattern of urbanization be optimized according to specific influence types in different regions to balance regional ecology and urban development in black soil areas. Such tailored strategies will facilitate black soil areas conservation and support the achievement of the carbon neutrality goals.