[Objective] The coupling coordination level and spatio-temporal differentiation between the resilience of resource-based cities and carbon emissions in the Yellow River basin were analyzed to provide a scientific basis for promoting high-quality development across the entire river basin. [Methods] Based on evaluation index system of urban resilience， the coupling coordination degree， spatio-temporal evolution， and spatial agglomeration between urban resilience and carbon emission were analyzed by the coupling coordination model and the spatial autocorrelation model. [Results] ①Urban resilience and carbon emissions of resource-based cities in the Yellow River basin showed increasing and decreasing trends， respectively. The change in urban resilience occurred faster than that in carbon emissions， and there were differences among different regions. ②The level of coupling coordination in resource-based cities was characterized by a ‘small increase followed by a rapid rise’， with the growth rate in the middle reaches being faster than that upstream and downstream. ③The level of coupling coordination improved significantly； however， there were substantial differences among the different regions. ④Some resource-based cities were gradually distributed in ‘high-low’ areas and characterized by a ‘block-like’ distribution. [Conclusion] Resource cities in the Yellow River basin need to integrate regional resources， factor advantages， and formulate personalized improvement paths to achieve the collaborative goal of ‘carbon sequestration and sink enhancement upstream， carbon reduction and efficiency improvement in the middle reaches， and low-carbon intensification downstream’， which will contribute to promoting coordination between resilience improvement and carbon reduction in basin.