[Objective] The effects of different retrofitting measures on the growth and carbon stock of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations were evaluated， in order to provide a theoretical basis for developing optimal forest retrofitting strategies for the region. [Methods] The research was conducted within C. lanceolata plantations at Taizishan Shilong Forestry Retrofitting Bureau， Hubei Province. Guided by near-natural forest retrofitting principles， three treatments were applied： thinning with replanting （T₁， 50% thinning intensity with interplanting of Schima superba）， thinning only （T₂， 50% thinning intensity）， and an unimproved control （CK）. Diameter at breast height （DBH）， tree height， individual tree volume， stand volume， and DBH class distribution were measured. Carbon stocks within the tree layer， shrub layer， herb layer， and total vegetation layer were also quantified and compared among treatments. [Results] After three years， DBH growth and individual tree volume increment were significantly higher in T₁ compared to CK （p<0.05）. Tree height growth showed no significant differences among treatments （p>0.05）. The T₁ and T₂ treatments significantly increased the proportion of trees in medium and large DBH classes （≥20 cm）， while CK still dominated with small-diameter trees. Specifically， in T₁， the proportion of trees with DBH increments of 2—4 cm over three years was 28.3%， representing a 23.7% increase over CK. Overall， the thinning measures， particularly T₁， shifted the stand DBH distribution towards larger diameter classes. Carbon stock allocation within the vegetation layer followed the order： tree layer > shrub layer > herb layer across all treatments. The three-year growth in total vegetation layer carbon stock and tree layer carbon stock within T₁ did not differ significantly from CK （p>0.05）. Although the total vegetation carbon stock in T₁ remained lower than CK （primarily due to tree removal during thinning）， its higher subsequent growth rate indicated greater long-term carbon sequestration potential. Carbon stock growth within the shrub and herb layers showed no significant differences among treatments （p>0.05）. However， T₁ significantly increased the mean annual increment （MAI） of carbon stock in the shrub layer， while T₂ significantly increased the MAI in the herb layer. [Conclusion] Thinning combined with replanting C. lanceolata demonstrated significant advantages over thinning alone in promoting the growth of dominant C. lanceolata trees， optimizing stand structure， and enhancing the carbon stock growth rate within the key carbon pool （tree layer）. Consequently， T₁ represents a more suitable approach for promoting near-natural retrofitting in similar Chinese fir plantations and enhancing forest carbon sink functionality in the Taizi Mountain region of Hubei Province.