[Objective] The spatio-temporal pattern and driving factors of rural resilience in counties within the Yimeng Mountain region were anlyzed in order to provide scientific reference for formulating differentiated resilience enhancement strategies and advancing the comprehensive revitalization of mountainous rural areas. [Methods] Using the Yimeng Mountain District as a case study， this study constructed a rural resilience evaluation index system based on the three sustainability dimensions of society， economy， and ecology， and adopted the entropy weighting method， optimal parameter geodetector， and other methodological models to systematically analyze the spatio-temporal pattern and driving factors. [Results] ① From 2000 to 2023， the resilience level of rural county areas in the Yimeng mountainous area showed a fluctuating trend of first decreasing and then increasing， which was generally at a medium level. The spatial pattern was high in the east and west， and low in the middle. The high-toughness areas shrank to the west， while the low-toughness areas expanded from the center to the periphery. ② From 2000 to 2023， the social resilience of the area first decreased and then increased. Economic resilience exhibited a distribution pattern that first decreased and then increased， with higher values in the west and lower values in the east. Ecological resilience exhibited a continuous attenuation trend， with a significantly accelerated attenuation rate over time. ③ The spatial and temporal differentiation of rural resilience in the Yimeng mountainous area was influenced by the natural environment， social economy， regional policy， and other factors. Average fixed asset investment and average fiscal revenue had the highest degree of influence. The influence of road network density， proportion of construction land， and per capita cultivated land area continued to increase. The interactions of various driving factors showed a nonlinear enhancement or two-factor enhancement effect. [Conclusion] Enhancing rural resilience requires moving beyond single-dimensional optimization. A coordinated enhancement mechanism should be established， with ecological resilience as the foundation， economic resilience as the core， and social resilience as the cornerstone， to holistically strengthen the sustainability of mountainous villages in coping with both internal and external disturbances.