[Objective] The vegetation carrying capacity of Xi’an-Yan’an high-speed railway（abbreviated as ‘XiYan HSR’） corridor was accurately evaluated， in order to provide a theoretical basis and data support for overall ecological restoration and slope protection along the construction route of this railway. [Methods] The loess regions along the XiYan HSR corridor were taken as study areas. The current vegetation carrying capacity were quantified by integrating the effects of climate， soil texture， vegetation type， slope gradient， and aspect， with particular emphasis on the relationship between vegetation growth and soil water content. [Results] ① Although regional vegetation coverage showed an overall improving trend （with 73.6% of the area experiencing significant increases）， the area in the vicinity of the XiYan HSR was found to be dominated by stable or substantially degraded zones， thereby highlighting the potential ecological pressure induced by railway construction. ② The upper and lower bounds of vegetation carrying capacity across the region range from 18.60% to 100.00% and 4.40% to 100.00%， respectively. Moreover， approximately 77% of the area was found to exceed the carrying-capacity threshold. Specifically， the loess ridge-gully region in the central-west and the Ziwuling low-mid-mountain areas in the north were generally overloaded， necessitating low-intervention strategies focused on soil conservation and maintenance of the current state. In contrast， the southern Weihe Plain， parts of the northern loess tableland， and some northern areas remain below the lower bound， for which measures such as engineering avoidance and supplemental planting are recommended. [Conclusion] To rationally regulate vegetation density， the planting of vegetation on slopes along the XiYan HSR should be constrained by the local carrying capacity.