Base on investigations of drought mechanism in Jianghuai watershed of west Anhui province. The authers think that complex natural environment causes frequent drought disaster, imperfect irrigation works, reduces the ability to withstand drought disaster, and current patterning of land use accelerates the damage to crops by drought. In the end, some effective drought countermeasures, which are to enhance the ability to fight drought through tapping new sources of supply and reducing consumption are put forward, to improve ecological environment through building papermaking forestry base, to promote the development of rural economy through readjusting agricultural structure, to speed up industrialization of water resources through reforming managerial system of irrigation works.