It has been well known that soil and water loss is the first eco-envi ronment problem which has been the crucial factor to limit sustainable development of society and economy in China. On the view of preventing and relieving the disasters, the present situation and the problems on soil and water loss were analyzed, and the achievements and experiences relevant to soil and water conservation were summarized. The countermeasures to further strengthen soil and water-based eco-environment construction in the new situation were put forward.