To provide a scientific basis regarding the effect of soil and water comprehensive control on runoff generation and its amount,the characteristics of infiltration in controlled and non-controlled watersheds of the Qinba hilly region were studied using the dual rings method and the parallel analysis.Results indicate that the infiltration rates of different landuses in controlled watersheds are obviously greater than that in non-controlled watershed.Steady-state infiltration rates in different landuses descend in the sequence of grassland,forest land,canal banks,slopping cultivated field,terrace and wasteland.Soil bulk density,soil organic matter content,the 0.25 mm water stable aggregates and soil porosity are the main causes for the increased infiltration rate.The increased infiltration rate by large-scale comprehensive control is one of the reasons for runoff generation process and variation of runoff amount.