长江上游森林水源涵养功能及空间分布特征
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联合国环境规划署/全球环境基金项目(UNEP/GEF)“长江流域自然保护与洪水控制”(IMIS:GFL-2328-2740-4822PMS:GF-3030-04-05-01)


Water Conservation Function of Forest Ecosystem and Its Spatial Distribution Characteristics in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River
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    摘要:

    以长江上游森林生态系统为研究对象,按照植被类型将研究区域划分成11个评估单元。根据研究区各森林类型林冠层、枯枝落叶层和土壤层的指标数据和2001年NOAA影像,结合野外调查,应用GIS技术对整个长江上游森林水源涵养功能及其在空间上的分布特征进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)长江上游森林水源涵养功能平均值为79.33 mm。林冠层、枯落物层、土壤层水源涵养功能平均值分别为1.29,2.81和75.21 mm。长江上游森林水源涵养总量为1.667 5×1010t。林冠层、枯落物层和土壤层分别占涵养总量的1.63%,3.54%和94.81%。土壤层是森林系统水源涵养总量的主体。(2)长江上游森林水源涵养功能由南向北呈现先增加后减少的抛物线趋势,由西向东表现出近似幂函数曲线的逐渐减少趋势。这与林冠层的变化趋势相反,与土壤层的变化趋势具有一致性。(3)在水平方向上,长江上游森林水源涵养功能以岷山—茶坪山—夹金山—锦屏山—玉龙山一线为界,表现出西强东弱的空间分布格局;在垂直方向上,森林水源涵养功能随着海拔的升高逐渐增加,至海拔4 200 m左右,出现减少的趋势。

    Abstract:

    Forest system in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was chosen as the research object.The study area was divided in to 11 assessment units by the forest vegetation types.According to the index of canopy,litter and soil layer of different forest types and NOAA remote sensing in 2001 and field investigation,water resource conservation of forest ecosystem and its spatial distribution characteristics in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were studied by the method of GIS.Results showed that mean comprehensive water conservation function of forest ecosystems was 79.33 mm and that of canopy,litter,and soil layer was 1.29,2.81 and 75.21 mm respectively.The total volume of comprehensive water resource conservation was1.66751010t and the water resource conservation of canopy,litter,and soil layer accounted for 1.63%,3.54% and 94.81% of the total volume.The soil layer was the main part of the total water resource conservation of forest ecosystems.The water conservation function of forest ecosystems firstly increased then decreased from the south to the north and decreased gradually from the west to the east,showing as curve and power function trend respectively.This change trend coincided with that of the soil layer and was contrary with that of the canopy layer.In the horizontal direction,the water conservation function of forest ecosystem presented the west high and east low spatial pattern.The border was the line of M in Mountain Chaping Mountain Jiajin Mountain Jinping Mountain Yulong Mountain.In the vertical direction,the forest water conservation increased gradually to altitude of 4200m,there after it declined.

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李双权,苏德毕力格,哈斯,马广文.长江上游森林水源涵养功能及空间分布特征[J].水土保持通报,2011,(4):62-67

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  • 收稿日期:2011-01-09
  • 最后修改日期:2011-01-28
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-11-26
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