[Objective] A survey was conducted by interviewing with the herdsmen in the Hoboksar County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The policy of "transforming grazing lands to grasslands" was discussed to shed light on how to harmonize the development of social economy with the conservation of grasslands.[Methods] 150 herdsmen were interviewed by filling out the questionnaires focused on their participation in the policy of "transforming grazing lands to grasslands", and after that, the questionnaire data was analyzed through optimal scaling method.[Results] Herdsmen's cultural standard, their household income level, profits obtained from the policy and their cognition of grassland degradation had significant positive influence on herdsmen's acceptance of the policy. However, herdsmen's age and their family population size had significant negative impact on the acceptance of the policy.[Conclusion] Herdsmen who have high educational level and high household income, and also those who think they can benefit from the policy, have willingness to adjust their production structure, to adjust their production methods. Herdmen' enthusiasm for the policy mainly depends on whether they can benefit from the implementation of the policy and whether they can prevent the potential risk when the production methods were changed.