[Objective] The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of "soil and water conservation project" and "grain for green project" in Wuding river basin during 2000—2013 in order to provide data support for ecological rehabilitation project in this region. [Methods] By using linear regression, correlation and partial correlation, this paper analyzed the variations of NDVI and NPP and its driving factors in Wuding river basin during 2000—2013. [Results] (1) From 2000 to 2013, the growth rate of vegetation cover was 3.39%/a in the study area, which was faster than that in Loess Plateau (0.99%/a) from 1999 to 2008. The vegetation cover showed periodical characteristics, with two sustainable growth periods. (2) The vegetation cover was significantly increased in most area, especially the area distributed in the loess hilly-gully region in the southeast of the study area. The degradation area only accounted for 3.95%, and distributed on the both sides of the valley. (3) From 2000 to 2013, the accumulative total carbon sequestration was 1.96×10⁷ t, which equated to 22.82% of carbon emissions from energy consumption in Shaanxi Province in 2010. The value of accumulative carbon sequestration was 2.36×10¹⁰ CNY, which equated to 2.33% of GDP in Shaanxi Province in 2010. [Conclusion] Human activity was the main driving force that influence the changes of vegetation cover and carbon sequestration, especially the implementation of "soil and water conservation project" and "grain for green project".