[Objective] This paper studied the spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of agricultural eco-efficiency in China in order to provide theoretical support for promoting the sustainable development of eco-efficiency.[Methods] Spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of agricultural eco-efficiency in China in 2007-2016 were analyzed by using super-efficiency DEA-Malmquist index, spatial autocorrelation model and grey relation model.[Results] During the observation period, the value of total factor agricultural eco-efficiency increased steadily, and technical progress was the main reason for the improvement of agricultural eco-efficiency. The spatial distribution of agricultural eco-efficiency has a national autocorrelation, and some regions such as Shandong Province and He'nan Province show "low-low" agglomeration characteristics. The change of agricultural eco-efficiency is mainly influenced by 10 factors, such as scientific and technological support, land approval, agricultural machinery density and agricultural scale level, etc., and there are differences in the effects of various factors in the different periods.[Conclusion] During the observation period, agricultural mechanical density replaced urbanization level as the main driving factor. The driving factors of the change of agricultural eco-efficiency are gradually changing from the macro environment and policy orientation to the development of agriculture itself.