[Objective] To accurately estimate the amount of soil erosion in flood plain of the Yellow River and hilly regions of Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, and explore its temporal and spatial variation, in order to provide reasonable basis for the monitoring and prevention of soil erosion in the region. [Methods] We used USLE model to calculate the soil erosion modulus in flood plain of the Yellow River and the hilly area in Xuzhou City from 2000 to 2014. The maximum, average and grades of the erosion modulus were statistically calculated, and the variation regularity of these indexes over 15 years was analyzed. The regression coefficient image of erosion modulus over the years was calculated, and the variation of soil erosion degree in Xuzhou City was revealed at temporal and spatial scale. [Results] ① Soil erosion in flood plain of the Yellow River and the hilly area of Xuzhou City was dominated by mild erosion, and the erosion in the hilly area showed a zonal distribution with greater erosion grade range. ② Soil and water loss in the Xuzhou City area was gradually weakening, and the intensity and significance of erosion in the hilly area was greater than that in flood plain. ③ The eroded area at each level decreased gradually with the increase of the erosion degree. The extremely intensive erosion area in the flood plain was controlled within 5%, while the erosion area of the extreme intensive in the hill area was controlled within 10%, and the severe erosion in both areas was contained. ④ The areas with greater erosion reduction were mostly distributed around river and lakes, and the regions with significant variations were also distributed near the rivers. [Conclusion] The intensity of soil erosion in Xuzhou City has been weakened over the years, especially in the river basin. However, in some areas of the flood plain, erosion is still increasing. The relevant departments in Xuzhou City should strengthen prevention and control efforts in these areas.