[Objective] The ecological evolution and driving mechanism of vegetation in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, were studied to provide scientific data for the effect of ecological restoration projects in Yulin City.[Methods] Based on the MODIS satellite vegetation index product mod₁₃Q₁ and a pixel bisection method from 2000 to 2018, the vegetation ecosystem of Yulin City in Shaanxi Province, China, was retrieved, and the driving mechanism of the influence of climate conditions and human factors on vegetation ecological change was studied by trend analysis and correlation analysis.[Results] ① From 2000 to 2018, the vegetation ecology of Yulin City improved significantly, which was mainly manifested in the extremely significant increase trend of vegetation coverage in fluctuation, with an average annual growth rate of 1.47%. Wubu County had the largest increase among the districts and counties under its jurisdiction. ② From 2000 to 2018, the overall climate conditions became warmer and humider, and the annual precipitation showed a significant increase trend. The annual average temperature increase trend was not significant. The correlation between annual precipitation and vegetation coverage was significant, but the correlation between annual temperature and vegetation coverage was insignificant.[Conclusion] The project of returning farmland to forest and the project of the demonstration and construction of sand prevention and control have adjusted the industrial structure and reduced soil erosion. The quicksand in the sandy grassland of the Maowusu Desert has been effectively controlled, and the ecological construction benefits are significant. The ecological restoration project is the main driving force of vegetation ecological restoration in the study area.