绿肥填闲种植对旱作冬小麦农田耕层土壤物理性质的影响
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S152.3, S152.5, S152.7

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中国科学院西部之光“西部引进人才”项目;陕西省农业科技创新驱动项目(NYKJ-2021-XA-005)


Effects of Green Manure on Physical Properties of Topsoil in a Dryland Winter Wheat Field
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    摘要:

    [目的] 探讨绿肥填闲种植对旱作冬小麦农田耕层土壤物理性质的影响,为其在黄土高原旱作农业区的推广提供科学依据。[方法] 基于4 a田间定位试验,研究了夏闲期种植长武怀豆、苏丹草、怀豆/苏丹草混播以及裸地休闲(CK)对旱作冬小麦收获期农田耕层(0—20 cm)土壤容重、孔隙度、持水量和团聚体的影响。[结果] 在0—10 cm土层,与CK相比,苏丹草和混播处理显著降低了土壤容重,怀豆,苏丹草和混播处理显著提高了土壤毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、饱和持水量、毛管持水量、大团聚体(>5 mm)所占比例和团聚体平均重量直径(MWD);在10—20 cm土层,苏丹草处理大团聚体所占比例和MWD均显著高于CK。土壤容重与土壤有机碳含量呈显著负相关,毛管孔隙度和团聚体平均重量与绿肥生物量呈显著正相关,而土壤总孔隙度、饱和持水量和毛管持水量与绿肥生物量和土壤有机碳均呈显著正相关。[结论] 在黄土高原地区,夏闲期单播种植长武怀豆、苏丹草及混播均能显著改善耕层土壤物理性质,综合来看,苏丹草单播的效果优于长武怀豆单播和二者混播。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] The effects of green manure on soil physical properties of dryland winter wheat field were investigated in order to provide scientific basis for its popularization in dry farming area of Loess Plateau. [Methods] Based on a 4-year winter wheat field experiment, the effects of planting Changwu soybean, Sudan grass, soybean/Sudan grass mixture and control with no cover crop (CK) on bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, and aggregation in the cultivated soil layer at 0—20 cm depth during the harvest of dry winter wheat were studied in the Loess Plateau. [Results] At 0—10 cm depths, compared with CK, Sudan grass and mixture treatment significantly decreased soil bulk density. Soybean, Sudan grass and mixture treatment significantly increased soil capillary porosity, total porosity, saturated water capacity, capillary water holding capacity, the proportion of large aggregates (> 5 mm), and aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD) (p<0.05). At 10—20 cm soil depth, Sudan grass treatment had the higher proportion of large aggregates and MWD than CK. Soil bulk density was negatively correlated with soil organic carbon, while soil total porosity, saturated and capillary water capacity were positively correlated to cover crop biomass and soil organ carbon. [Conclusion] In the Loess Plateau, top soil physical properties can be enhanced by monoculture planting Changwu soybean, Sudan grass, or mixture sowing during summer fallow, especially monoculture of Sudan grass.

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李超,王俊,邢文超,张少宏,柳瑞.绿肥填闲种植对旱作冬小麦农田耕层土壤物理性质的影响[J].水土保持通报,2022,42(2):107-113,121

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  • 收稿日期:2021-09-20
  • 最后修改日期:2021-11-01
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-05-26
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