[Objective] The spatiotemporal changes and correlations between landscape ecology risks and ecosystem service values in the Hanjiang eco-economic belt were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for regional ecological security and sustainable development of the ecosystem and support for the optimization of landscape pattern and rational allocation of land resources. [Methods] We evaluated the ecological risk and ecosystem service value of landscape in the Hanjiang eco-economic belt based on an ecosystem service value equivalence table. We determined the internal relationship between these parameters, and the spatiotemporal variation law of landscape ecological risk and ecosystem service value. [Results] ① Landscape fragmentation gradually increased, and the landscape ecological risk slightly increased in the Hanjiang eco-economic belt from 1990 to 2020. A spatial pattern of “low risk in the upstream, high risk accompanied with low risk in the midstream, and high risk in the downstream” was observed. ② The ecosystem service value showed a slight increase from 1990 to 2020 of 8.66 billion yuan, with an annual growth rate of 0.06%. Regulation service accounted for 66.8% of the increase and support service accounted for 22.2%. A spatial pattern of “medium-high values in the upstream mountainous area, medium-high and low values in the middle reaches, and low values in the downstream” was observed. ③ Changes in ecosystem service value and ecological risk were negatively correlated. Low ecosystem service value was associated with high ecological risk, while high ecosystem service value was associated with low ecological risk. The significance of the correlations decreased before 2005 and increased after 2005. [Conclusion] Greater attention should be given to the system integrity of the Hanjiang eco-economic belt, and organic coordinated development within the basin should be strengthened. Additionally, greater attention should given to protecting biodiversity in the upstream region and to strengthening the control of ecological space use in the downstream region so as to comprehensively improve the ecosystem service value of the economic belt.