[Objective] This study aims to investigate the impact of wind farm construction and operation on alpine meadow vegetation and soil nutrients around the Mouton Mountain Wind Farm in Yunnan Province, and to clarify the main driving factors, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the restoration of degraded grasslands in such areas.[Methods] This study employed a systematic combination of field surveys and laboratory analyses. Three turbine plots within the Mouton Mountain Wind Farm in Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, and three control plots without turbines were selected. Within each plot, sampling points were established at four directions (northwest, northeast, southeast, southwest) and at distances of 0, 20, 50, and 100 meters from the turbine base (or central point for control plots). A comparative analysis of vegetation characteristics and soil nutrients was conducted to elucidate the ecological effects of wind farm construction and operation on local vegetation and soil.[Results] 1. The presence of wind turbines highly significantly reduced aboveground vegetation biomass (P < 0.01) and the plant community diversity index (P < 0.05). Both aboveground biomass and vegetation diversity in the wind farm construction area were significantly lower than those in the control plots. Within the turbine area, aboveground biomass increased highly significantly with increasing distance (P < 0.01), reaching its highest level at 100 m. The diversity index was significantly influenced by direction (P < 0.05), with the southwest direction exhibiting the highest values.2. The presence of wind turbines highly significantly reduced soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and water content (P < 0.001), and significantly increased soil pH (P < 0.05). The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and water content within the wind farm construction area increased with larger wind turbine radiation radius. 3. The wind turbine radiation radius exerted a significant influence on the soil available potassium content (P < 0.05). The soil available potassium content in the wind farm construction area increased with the enlargement of the radiation radius. 4. There was no significant difference of turbine presence on soil AP content (P > 0.05). [Conclusion] The construction and operation of the wind farm had significant negative impacts on surrounding vegetation and soil nutrients, and the intensity of these impacts weakened with increasing distance from the turbine. Therefore, ecological restoration should follow a zonal management principle: active restoration focusing on soil improvement and vegetation reconstruction should be implemented in the high-intensity disturbance zone within 20 m of the turbine; natural restoration supplemented by artificial promotion measures should be adopted in the medium-low intensity disturbance zone between 20-100 m. This study provides a scientific basis for differentiated ecological restoration in high-altitude wind farm areas.