[Objective] The spatiotemporal evolution dynamics of carbon emissions from energy consumption in the development and utilization of agricultural water and land resources in central China were studied to identify the key drving factors and provide theoretical and data reference for promoting low-carbon green transformation and agriculture development in central China， and to achieve the ‘dual carbon’ goal. [Methods] Carbon emissions from energy consumption during utilization of agricultural water and land resources were investigated based on social and economic data from six provinces in central China from 2010 to 2022. The IPCC carbon emission coefficient method was used to measure agricultural carbon emissions in central China from 2010 to 2022. The drivers and contributions of agricultural carbon emissions were discussed based on the Kaya identity and logarithmic mean divisia index. ArcGIS visualization was used to analyze the evolutionary trend of agricultural carbon emissions in central China in the spatiotemporal dimensions， and the relationship between matching degree of water and land resources and agricultural carbon emissions was explored. [Results] ①During 2010—2022， the total agricultural carbon emissions in central China increased rapidly and then fluctuated downward. The growth rate of agricultural carbon emissions experienced a gradual decline during the evolutionary process. ② Agricultural carbon emission intensity was the key factor promoting agricultural carbon emission reduction in central China， and the economic output of agricultural water resources was the primary factor driving growth of agricultural carbon emissions. The cumulative contribution of agricultural carbon emissions during 2010—2022 reached 5.62×10⁶ t. The contributions of economic output factors of agricultural water resources and water consumption per unit sown area to agricultural carbon emissions in central China varied in both positive and negative directions. ③ Improving the matching degree of agricultural water and land resources could facilitate curbing of agricultural carbon emissions； however， the impacts on agricultural carbon emissions in different provinces varied. [Conclusion] In future， attention should be paid to spatiotemporal matching of water and land resources and their eco-environmental effects， adopting different farming modes according to local conditions， optimizing allocation， which would enhance sustainable development and utilization of agricultural water and land resources and promote low-carbon transformation in agriculture.